Natural Resources Of The Poor Country And Its Management

For the nations which are plenty of oil mines are the rich countries based in the Middle East bloc. However, oil resources can be gone someday like Cambodia used to be plenty of forest, ores, precious stones and gold but they were devastated by the civil war in the past decades and suffered by unfair-sharing of exploitation. The legacy resources of Cambodian include Angkor temple and other cultural areas which generate income around nearly 50 million dollar annually. Furthermore, Cambodia has oil resources for exploitation and extraction industries too.

Extraction industry is a way to extract the non-recycled natural resources, for example natural ores and kerosene. The economic analysis indicated that Cambodia may receive benefits from maximum extraction industry so that the government must establish the law for management and control first. Income from such industry also may help Cambodia which is lacking of finance and fund for development of infrastructure, health care, education and institutionalized capacity building so that to help the national economic growth and reduction of poverty of local people. 

Many countries who make income from the natural inventory and always encounter main two issues including the obstacles for expense for younger generation and current time and second obstacle is allocation of the government’s expense for each nations in line with economics and development from these natural resources promotion.

Natural resources management can be useful for standing benefits of the national economy. From experiences in countries that possess the revenue of the resources. They used the amount of income for enabling of improvement of macro-economics.

Strategy for development consists of three critical components: public investment gathering which is suitable for local condition, economic policy framework to promote private sector and guideline framework to ensure rule of law and macro-economic sustainability.

In this context, the natural returns should be used for public investment. For low income-nations the goal is to absorb benefits from resources income to fill the basic demand include infrastructure, education and healthcare. For medium income-nations, they mobilize such income to develop at the rural economics which based on resources so that to become urban economics which based on human resource and knowledge.

The successful experiences demonstrate that resource income management must be linked with development process and securing of balance between expenses and saving. However, there has been both advantages and disadvantage for consuming of resources according to level of economic development and quality of institutions for the poor country and its management. Therefore, the resource income management for each nation has to align with development process. In the developed countries within existing human resources and infrastructure, the best choice is to save financial property for ensuring salary expense in long terms.

The income management for the poor country is relevant to two types of concepts, transparency and accountability of control and expenditure in its management. In other countries show that stability of economic growth and natural proceedings rely on speed of structure reforms and institutional capacity development to achieve these concepts.

Read more about Chinese Companies Are Devastating Cambodian Natural Resources

Cambodians Spend Much Only For The Sake of Foreign Economic Benefits

It was observed that the Cambodian people have been spending more and more on food, electronic equipment, jewelry, cosmetics, clothing, modern commodities, cars and trips…

Previously Cambodian families were wiling to spend less the money which they had earned because of it was very hard to earn it.

Some people can earn 100 then they spend only 10. All the rest for saving. But now, whether in the country or in other countries the trend of expanding dramatically changes. Some earn 100 then spend almost 200.

A broad spending is a global trend, including Cambodia. This trend has been realized as part on a substantial improvement in information technology.

Obviously, the last 30 or 40 years ago, sometimes people had the money and they did not even know where to buy things because the media was very narrow. But because of sophisticated information technology modernization push them to spend more money. Yet every product after being produced immediately must be notified by sending through the media to the end-users for promotion.

News media advertising shakes and forced to encourage consumers to spend more and more on items buying. Just only in a moment some people spent hundreds of dollar or thousands of dollar. Others have just got salary a few days then they spend for drinking almost end a salary. The family flew to foreign countries to just only to buy body decoration commodities or visit.

The presence of foreign food, smartphones, modern car, villa, computers, jewelry within the advertising and tantalizing to attract people too, until user can not control their emotions. Every year, people think about where the places to visit, including inside and outside the country.

Some economists analyzed that the spending of the people in a country will contribute to drive the country's economic growth as a large prevalence because the more money people spend the greater production needed. And when there is more production so the economic movement is also increasing. But if people do not spend then the entire national economy is not functioning or being stagnant.

Turned back to the situation of Cambodians have been spending much more than ever. But sometimes, such expenditure does not contribute to the national economy through buying foreign commodities. Because the spending makes a flow-out of money to foreign economic benefits adversely. In other words, most of Cambodian products could not be produced enough to meet the current supply and demand for domestic consumption.

In conclusion, Cambodia must increase more products and Cambodian people themselves must support its products.

Read more about A Nation Which Prefer Use Foreign Currency

No Rule Of Law But Habit Execution

People who live in Cambodia mostly behave or perform duty based on their habits with others rather than respecting to the morality or law and ethical manner in a working place, for example, they use their habits to rely on senior officials to resolve any violation against the law even they did wrong. They use habits of violation against traffic law. Using of habit for taking bribe for an intention and so on…

Cambodia is a place where impunity implication is carried out amidst the influencing and application of nepotism and corruption. That is why the people never feel the care of law enforcement but using habit rather than; in contradiction they use their habits instead of it. There is no rule of law but it is a nation of impunity. These are examples that indicate that people sit on the law; people always have a habit of overloading a car by ignoring a traffic law and transportation restriction procedure through taking a bribe to police or officials. Sometimes along the street even there is traffic stoplight but some people still trespass the road regardless of safety. Some people use domestic violence by ignoring national law. Other cases in the courts happened whenever they did something wrong against the law but they still try to bail someone out of jail by depending on senior officials string.

Likewise, the officials like local authority which serve the public interests always take liberty or perform duty based on their habits, for instance, they use power and property for their family’s boon. Sometimes, they carry out the office routine according to their domestic implementation style. Or they express the bad behavior in the office toward other staff rather than respecting to the ground rule of working protocol.

Performance of these bad behaviors in Cambodia caused bad images happen in the society including violation of law, veneer of law enforcement, nepotism, social immorality, bribery, domestic violence, injustice, impunity, abusing of human rights.

We must deal with these issues through all individual must comply with the law and based on the ethical adherence.

Read more about Culture of Powerful Person’s Intervention for Benefits in Society

Farmers Produce Rice To Make Ends Meet But Government Proud To be Big Exporter

It is especially true on which Cambodian farmers have been cultivating only for making ends meet but not standing for the intention of government’s agriculture-sector forefront in a priority strategic plan. There have a few farmers achieved their goal of relying on agriculture cultivation for their daily livelihood. They do not have a solid hope for the market to sell their products after harvesting or even sell paddy rice at a very cheap price. They lose totally since the rice production value chain.

In a conclusion shows that Cambodians could not emerge away poverty through agricultural production due to they become debtors to the private bank. In this regard, farmers could not struggle to survive themselves so they could not satisfy the government’s vision targeting agriculture sector which is determined as the forefront for national socioeconomic development in the export diversification and expansion framework.

In contrast, this is the travesty of Cambodia’s milled rice expansion plan which Cambodia had intended to become a large paddy rice exporter in a region of Southeast Asia. It is proud to fully unlock the potential in producing paddy rice for a broader export. The export of milled rice has been a priority for Cambodia in its export diversification and expansion strategy. So far garment manufacturing is a forerunner.

Eying on international rice market development, it is an economic opportunity for Cambodia. There has been many problems that have hampered in its export plan including the farmers are producing for their making ends meet, and the production cost of milled rice is high value. The price of Cambodia rice is expensive since in production chain in the light of high-cost expenditure for fertilizer which lacks quality as well. The fee of fuel in which the population almost entirely depends on motor pumping due to Cambodia lacks of the irrigation system, an electricity supply is also so expensive. The cost of production is more expensive than in neighboring countries Thailand and Vietnam. In addition, Cambodia lacks infrastructure for product transportation.

Spending on such outrageous expensive cost on production makes Cambodian rice must be sold in high value against a backdrop of Cambodia has become debtor which is hard to enter the international market, particularly difficult to challenge with the neighboring countries. They are the nations which entered international markets already.

Read Though Countries Rich of Natural Resources But Still Poor

Vietnam’s Dilemma Of Relationship With The U.S.

Recently, they notice that the United States seems enhance a relationship with Hanoi’s government since then diplomatic linking of the both, between the United States and Vietnam in 1995 that they used to be mutual acrimonious and deadly enemies in a period of the cold war. They are now making a big step move forward, which focused on economy, military and Civil Nuclear.

Inside the U.S. view—Vietnam is the mainstay for its strategy in the Southeast Asia region, particularly to contain the rising of Chinese influences which is consistent with the Obama’s administration aiming at this region target. As of Vietnam has a concern over the Chinese military and aggression for example the concern which is related to the China’s South sea issue. Vietnam therefore desperately needs to have U.S. presence in Asia in order to ensure a balance influence against China. In such context, both Vietnam and U.S. entirely eye on their respective benefits, even they have stance on relationship enhancement image.

Furthermore, the critics had revealed that the government of Vietnam and U.S. entirely have expressed their same stances so that to protest China over the South sea activities deployment. Though, Vietnam still hesitates to capture relationship with U.S. to against China. One group of Vietnam has an extreme move to against China. Therefore it seeks for a backup of the U.S. and among other countries in the region meanwhile another group has pessimism on relationship with the U.S. due to they are afraid that U.S. might ask for Vietnam to reform politics and human rights in line with democracy on which Vietnam must beholden to U.S. request over time. Besides, U.S. also ask for Vietnam to have the joint military maneuvers on behalf of its ally.

Yet, the Vietnamese group has a deep concern that it would deteriorate the status of facing between China and Vietnam may reach to an armed conflict. Sometimes, China may also slam sanction on Vietnam.

It is literally apparent that the members of Vietnamese government are afraid of China and hate China but they still do not trust in U.S backup as well.

Read more about Sports Facilitate in Political Relationship

Conflicts between China and Vietnam to Increase Pressure over Cambodia

Both internal conflicts of Thailand and China’s islands have made Cambodia in a dire straits. For example Thailand did not uphold to the ICJ’s judgment or verdict on the Preah Vihear temple border issue due to Thai internal conflict in 2013. And a series of border fire-exchange contentious skirmishes in the wake of Thailand’s boiling up of tension.

Amid the Thailand prolonged-conflicts there are new other conflicts which has been arising---conflicts between China and Vietnam had simmer. These regional conflicts will affect to Cambodia inevitably. Vietnam is the neighboring and amicable country to Cambodia. As of China is the best friend who shored up economic businesses investment environment and donate millions of dollars to Cambodia too.

In a fashion of diplomatic politics and relationship, Cambodia is very difficult to stay neutrally---neither favor to China nor Vietnam. Regional diplomatic relationship has been affecting to Cambodia including since Chinese evacuees entered into Cambodia from Vietnam then Chinese government asked for Cambodian government to send them back to China. Meanwhile, Vietnamese who are staying in Cambodia may go on strike against China in Cambodia as well. Cambodia is very hard to hesitate for making any decision because of both China and Vietnam are entirely making great benefits [but not for sake of human rights and democracy] to Cambodia.

If Cambodia is so smart and being strong enough of economics. It may take advantages from these regional conflicts. In contrast, Cambodia is so weak in economics and has been rattling by internal chronicle disharmony spoiling up so it will be negatively affected by conflicts of the both countries. Phnom Penh government used to be beleaguered and had a stigma by bogging down the joint statement issuance of the ASEAN’s summit while it was the rotating president of the ASEAN association. Yet, Phnom Penh government used to notorious of transferring the ethnic minority back beholden to China’s request last time.

At the moment there is a new political pressure trace onto Cambodia again, while China and Vietnam are confronting on the islands issues. Cambodia is facing the pressing challenges of political pressure crisis from China and Vietnam as it could not yet resolve internal political election deadlock since 2013, whether Cambodia pro-China or pro-Vietnam. The single-party government of Phnom Penh is trapped in such tense crisis until cost much of resources to survive and secure its national and international politics. However, the opponent has been trying to struggle to defend the people’s will of national election result almost exhausted too.

In the wake of such standoff straits were shown to be coeval of the regional tension which exerts more pressure to Cambodia in terms of internal existing political deadlock. In this context, Cambodia must immediately deal with the internal issues in order to brace for impacts from the both countries’ conflicts. That is the best way and stay in neutrality position.

Read more about Burma to Host ASEAN Summit Next Year
and Vietnam’s Dilemma Of Relationship With The U.S.

Need Money to Engage with Politics like Business Running

Money is best means to throw your hat into political ring. They will not become politicians without money, it is like running a business but they are only politician followers in Cambodia. The politicians have to spend based on position and rank after they expect to win the election and being promoted. For senior positions, the much more money politicians agree to spend. Of course, the political parties must have enough other sources including money in particular. The main sources of money in order to mainstream parties are stemming from the investment of politicians and fundraising from those who are fascinated by a party or believe in the party.

It is not a problem related to money for spending in the ruling party due to its followers and politicians are mainly rich people and tycoons. The opponent party is concerned about the money sources. Investment in politics made a big problem because of the parliamentarians in charge of their constituent location which require spending lots of money for grassroots visits and for the electoral campaign. In light of such spending in brinkmanship, both tycoons and politicians have to earn income from their tenure in return around the office whenever they won the election, for example, committing national corruption or the government graft. In addition, those tycoons need the influence to protect their business running too. Eventually, the poor people were victimized from this political brinkmanship and national misleading.

Both ruling party and opponent spend money in throwing his hat into the political ring for any expectation in return to being bestowed of some positions but sometimes the politicians received nothing in a position which they had invested for. After that, they are dire strait-stricken due to losing lots of money and be worst poor.

Therefore, it would be better Cambodia should have a financial law in order to eradicate political business running. Whenever they have such law they are able to resolve social issues for example corruption, powerful dominance.

Not only law existing but also the politicians should have a mindset and make sense that brinkmanship does not mean that you must spend money to seek for benefits like a business running. In contrast, brinkmanship involves the huge accountability of politicians in front of the nation. The politicians should have a qualification to throw your hat into politician ring include ability, leadership, initiatives, goodwill, virtue and the state is responsible for spending.

Read Accomplice Habit of Powerful Man Block Social Development

Blood-Stained Rosewood Business in Cambodia

It is alarming for all with regard to the firing to death of dozens of Cambodians by Thai armed forces authorities while Cambodian poor community people and destitute villagers were hired to trespass the border of Thailand in order to illegally log a rosewood or luxury wood, this killing is still executing. So far there are hundreds of people were killed, injured and missing. The ministry of foreign affairs had sent a series of diplomatic note to the Thai embassy but Thai state still ignored at all over its army repeated atrocity or brutality.

This is a horrific and unbelievable tragedy because of that, on behalf of a civilized prominent nation located in Southeast Asia, Thailand turned to execute an illegal extrajudicial killing of Cambodian people. Increasingly sad is that the regional poor community Cambodians are still taking a risk in spite of they had heard about a series of killing by the Thailand army’s bullets.

Poverty is one reason to force community people to across the border to illegally log the wood but Thailand's army also must stop such brutal killing of Cambodians anymore. However, there are some bad guys of a reason behind such blood-stained rosewood business who tantalizes the poor community logging woods or timbers. The people wish only to seek for a job to do for some slight revenue to feed family and daily surviving. So it should not have some bad guys egg them out or inspire them to go killed like this because of crossing a border to Thailand.

It is the mistake of both local poor community people who decide to take high risk to be hired for logging a rosewood in Thailand in order to get paid and local authorities who are not able to prevent them trespassing a border to Thailand. But it is the worst mistake of the rosewood businesspeople who are not punished by their crime against the forest law of Cambodia. Because of that bootleg luxury wood businesspeople so the poor sad citizen’s blood still is shedding.

It is reported that the rosewood businesspeople are influential persons in local regions who egg local people out to across border logging illegal woods in Thailand areas. Therefore those bad wood businesspeople(criminals stand behind bloodwood business) must be brought for serious punishment according to the national law.

Though, the veneer of law enforcement has made the criminals [those who are running a wood business] probably incorporate with local authorities to run this blood-stained wood business at the border for illegal export purposes. Without any action of the government against those powerful businesspeople, so they are still able to exploit the innocent citizen’s bloodshed and therefore poverty could not be reduced in line with the government’s national development strategy and far-reaching reforms.

Apparently, the move of this business with regard to the incorporation (accomplice) of the government’s officials and it affects to the own government national strategic development plan including the measure to prevent forest. So in order to resolve this blood rosewood business, they must stop activities of those who are behind the poor community people who always egg them out in illegal logging woods or timber in Thailand.

The the government must take seriously action against those businesspeople so that they can stop poor innocent local villagers across the border to log woods or timbers. 

Read Natural Resources Of The Poor Country And Its Management

A Nation Which Prefer Using of Foreign Currency

Among other countries, Cambodia is a nation on which being popular for using a Dollar note among people without any coercion or legal restriction due to people are hard to trust in their national currency, Riel. The reason why people do not trust in this national currency because of the instability of macro-economics and an excessive high inflation which is not under control.

The experience of people in period of during the genocide Khmer rouge regime, spending and stock exchange were prohibited completely. There had much money been saved through hard work of people and all of those money has been futile over time. In 1980’s after Khmer rouge failed, the Riel national note was placed to circulate again but people still be not convinced for making value it much more than gold, rice or foreign currency for example a note of Vietnam or Thailand and United States.

The macro-economic instability and inflation in 1980’s and 1990’s made people hard to believe in the national currency or attract attention of its popularity for using amidst the inflow of Dollar currency through the United Nations Transitional Authorities in Cambodia until now within the inflows of billions of Dollars of aid and donation for development projects and other business investment and tourism which is so popular for circulating in the market. Spending of Dollar in a current Cambodia is noticed that in high trends even this country has macro-economic stability.

The another reason why people do not trust in a national currency in light of this nation lacks of independence of the central bank and a government affiliation. A pressing concern in the future, somehow and someday they may be afraid that the national bank which is under control of the state would print much Riel note in order to respond the government’s need ensuing trigger a drastic inflation problem of currency so the national currency shall be useless. However, for the last recent one decade the people have been using much money of Riel but this national note looks worthy cheaper than Dollar.

Presently, they notice that Cambodia categorized two types of economy, urban economy which compromised by Dollar influence because of foreign investment, busting tourism activities, textile industry increase and international aid or donation of community development programs. Another one is called rural economy on which majority of farmers are spending Riel currency due to it is on the ground of agricultural pivot base.

Because of such urban economy is weighed in therefore Dollar note is still prominent and dominant over the national currency.

Read more about Cambodians Spend Much But Only For The Sake of Foreign Economic Benefits

Sports Facilitate in Political Relationship

For those who love sports still remember well that Mr. Nelson Mandala mentioned during the world’s football match “Sport effects to change the world” amidst the description of the United Nations Secretary-General raised that “Sport is the common language which people communicate.”

The above-mentioned raising is the huge meaningfulness of sports function. Sport is not only for a winning match but also symbolizing of solidarity and peace for humanity. Many countries used to stereotype it for making a connection of diplomatic affair recovery or enhancing the foreign ties.

Obviously, in the past period which the United States and China had reset their diplomatic relation through the Ping Pong while there was a visit of the United States President to China and china had dispatched its diplomat to United States as return. Through this sport, in which has made the both parties started to have connection again.

Likewise, the Pakistan and India ties were broken for many years with regard to the territory occupation in a past Kasmir area so over that time, sports always were played for diplomatic relation restoration. Sport playing is the good way and it is called “Sport Diplomacy” to enhance relationship and partnership which the diplomats would travel to visit in any host country.

Look at a country in the Southeast Asia region, such as Cambodia used to play this sport diplomacy while this country had a border conflict with Thailand. The both countries army commanders always play volleyball and the heads of two countries played football so that to reduce the contentious border and tense situation. Even they use the sport as a way for building the relationship but it is also used for any political motives.

Just keep in mind that last time Russia has hosted the Winter Olympic Sports which is noted that it was a huge sport event of Russian administration in term of better diplomatic relation. However, Russia is still beleaguered and slammed of human rights violation allegation, was notorious of corruption and recently relevant to the carving Ukraine territory up.

Read more about Vietnam’s Dilemma Of Relationship With The U.S.

Relationship of ASEAN and European Union

Until the year 2000 and 2001 the European Union had downplayed toward the ASEAN. Some policies of Brussels, Belgium made value over developing countries in Africa only; for example localities based in Caraibes and Pacific regions. European has enhanced relationship focused on economics and commerce only with the huge countries within high economic growth benefits such as South Korea, India and China.

But for over 10 years lately, the business sharing between European Union (EU) and the Association of South East Asia Nations(ASEAN) has been growing so that ASEAN become the biggest economic partner of EU implausibly. Today, EU is the second largest market place and EU is the ASEAN’s third business partner following United States and Japan.

In 2000 Brussels of Belgium in European Union has started to realize that ASEAN consists of potential economics out of natural resources, outnumbered population which involved in commerce transactions or economic activities and because of the deficit of business balance of EU in term of the European nations ordered to purchase goods much more than selling to those ASEAN nations.

Since then Belgium shifted to pivot its policy changing in term of streamlining ties and presence of European Union toward based in Asia regions. The EU commission has been encouraging EU companies coming to invest business projects in some countries of ASEAN in term of relationship enhancement. Yet EU has signed off to accept the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia called TAC and now EU has been negotiating with ASEAN so that to establish a free mutual commerce zone.

In spit of there is a relationship of EU and ASEAN,as of today the EU and ASEAN have apparently downplayed their partnership yet even some better relationships are recognized for instance the joint biannual meeting of the both parties was only made at the foreign ministerial level. There has never been a mutual meeting among the heads of state of EU and ASEAN yet. Sometimes, they notice that the meeting between EU and ASEAN has been presence of secretary of states.

Such behavior of EU has been recognized as much pay attention strictly on human rights or democratization for example EU used to slap economic sanctions on Burma. As of ASEAN cares only the economic benefits and not intent to interfere in other ASEAN’s members national internal affairs.

EU and ASEAN should come together closer in order to reach the consensus that the both blocs used to experience the same pasts including the then-colonial histories of territorial occupation in the long years. The European Union should be a prototype of the upcoming ASEAN economic integration so that the ASEAN community could adapt EU’s integration.

Therefore EU and ASEAN must enhance relationship for the sake of the huge benefits of both blocs including geopolitics.

Read more about ASEAN Economic Community Integration 2015

Rural Community Farming Needs Water

Taking a glimpse at a drought situation of the remote areas during the dry season, they could realize the farmer’s hardship. A nation of Southeast Asia for example [Cambodia] within most of the people is farmers depending on agriculture but the rural areas looked dry so it is very difficult for the farmer to survive.

Lacking of water is the pressing concern for rural community development at remote areas. As of other nations which are plenty of water, the landscape is green therefore they can cultivate both in the rainy season and dry season but in a country lacks water so the farmers left their rice field empty during the dry season until the rainy season comes. Sometimes, it is not a regular time for the coming of the rainy season. Over that time, farmers were hit by floods or drought consequently. Climate change is also the matter to put pressure on agricultural cultivation on which the country depends on rainfalls.

Community people do not have adequate water not only for farming but also for daily use. On the other hand, a poor country which lack of infrastructure, for example, bridge, road, school, hospital. So many people move to a town to seek for a job or continue their studying due to employment in small and medium enterprises and higher education place are located in the town. Some students decided to drop school because they need to help their parents in farming or making income.

Farming of rural community people is based on water source so if without water they do not have work to do. That is why the community people always migrate to find another work for generating income to support living condition which this migration is the most hazardous concern.

Even though, the government prioritizes water matter in its national policy. Yet there is no guarantee the availability of water for both in the dry season and rainy season across the nation. In this case, the government must pay more attention to this policy related to water resource availability to the farmers in the rural community areas.

Of course it is focused on both agricultural investment project and effective water resource management. However, in some areas, there has been plenty of outnumbered water staged flood but sooner and later these areas become dry staged rice become fruitless due to drought. This reveals the bad management of local authority in charge of the agriculture sector to control rural community water resources.

It is very critical to invest agricultural sector for the national staple production in which populations are predominantly farmers working based on agriculture. So the government with the partnership of non-governmental organizations has to strive to make remote areas becoming the green rice field so that to help community people generating their income and improve the quality of living.

In addition, they can reduce poverty of local people and prevent the any risky migration. The government basically pays attention to ensuring that farmers have adequate water and plot of land size for cultivation [social concession land policy.] And that is the accountability of the government.

Environmental Pollution Hurts Community

In the past decades, they almost never heard the words of environmental pollution or environment-friendly protection but later these words were used in society. In addition, the governments established the Ministry of Environment for other developing countries. After the establishment of this Ministry, the mainstream or raise awareness about environmental air and water pollution with its cause of pollution and concerns to the community citizens.

In the countries which administer a free market economy consists of many factories. The existence of a factory is a good sign of national economics and the creation of employment. However, while the presence of many factories the environmental pollution obsesses the government because they must face issues of environmental pollution from the factory industry.

We used to hear the complaints of the community people who raised about the environmental pollution of the factories which flow the sewage which are aggregate impacts over the community livelihood. Other factories have been polluting smug or thunderous sound (noise). These complaints are stemming from the economic activity in terms of environmental pollution of the industry onto the community.

The environmental issue is the pressing concern which people and governments are facing for example activities of the population growth, burning fuels, fossil, mine exploitation, deforestation, water contamination, air pollution, solid waste disposal. Literally, there are four main types of environmental pollution:

1- Water Pollution: through the water waste.
2- Solid Pollution: for instance the medical solid waste disposal.
3- Air Pollution: Smoking or smug from the industrial factories.
4- Noise Pollution: making a loud noise which is beyond the permission from the Ministry of Environment.

The worst environment-polluted nations in the world 2013 are known that had affected population around 200 million people were suffered directly from this current pollution including Indonesia, Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and the other five nations. This pollution is recognized as the worst environmental pollution which derives from mine exploitation, removal of sewage from the house and industrial factory in the town and chemical leakage into the water bodies as well. Based on research, the environmental pollution ensues affect the civilian’s health including pneumonia, diarrhea, cancers, cough or make a fetus being born prematurely. Pollution is also the source of climate change on our planet.

The socioeconomic experts described that the above pollution aftermaths have been increasingly deteriorating from year to year due to economic operating activities in a poor country or local communities. Some environmental pollutions have prolonged the conflict between industry owners and community people without any resolution.

Therefore, in order to avoid the possible complaints between community people and industry owners, all relevant ministries like the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Industry must take strictly action prior to letting industry sectors to operate at any place so that to preserve the green world.

ASEAN Economic Community Integration 2016

In the upcoming 2016 year will arrive shortly, the Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN) which comprises of 10 countries will be coming more closer for the purpose of economics community under the same umbrella in terms of the single community for one destiny.

Whenever the ASEAN becomes the ASEAN Economic Community so the member states will increase economics and challenge integration. At that time, the 10 countries freely open the flow of commercial operation, goods, human resources, employment and capital from one country to another. As of the population of ASEAN are able to freely move for seeking for employment based upon their capacity merely hold an identification card.

They note that among the 10, Cambodia may receive a small benefit from the economic ASEAN integration and it may encounter difficulties over employment sector based on its limited human resources challenge.

The social researchers feel that community economic integration shall be opened a free employment market by 2015, Cambodian is singled out that the population can receive a small benefit and take time longer to get this benefit. Mostly of benefits are received by the rich people and those who have the ability to locally and internationally take challenge through investment and company establishment. Many youths shall lose the opportunity of employment while this nation [Cambodia] has yet not been carried out immigration law effectively because of the foreign investors always take part with the local company as business partners (effective immigration law enforcement).

The social researchers added that Cambodians still be high poor basically for those who live in the remote areas are hard to access the chance for benefiting from the integration so the government must pay more attention to them and help to improve their condition of living to brace for the upcoming community economic integration by 2015.

The upcoming ASEAN economic integration may help a population of the nations to have the opportunities working in either country among the 10 so that they can also exchange experiences and learning from each other based on nation’s population knowledge and skill.

ASEAN was created in 1967 and the member states include Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, and Burma. Now Japan, China, the United States, India, Australia and the United Nations are the Association for the South East Asia Nations’s partners. ASEAN has about 610 million populations. A population of Singapore, Brunei, and Malaysia consist of high capacity human resources so that they can earn revenue over ten thousand to fifty thousand dollars every year in the midst of Cambodian can earn only about one thousand dollars per year (2013).

Because of Cambodian education system is still limited [ similar to Burma and Lao]so the youth of this country are not capable of challenging with other youth of ASEAN nations like Singapore, or Vietnam. The education system of Cambodia is notorious for corruption while taking the exam. That is the concern to brace for community economic integration.

However, Cambodia can take advantages far less than disadvantages and it takes time to get advantages during the ASEAN community integration in light of the goods are duty free enable to lose the national budget, the flow of population to come to work in this country and other challenges if this nation’s government does not sharp its effort and human resources.

ASEAN can be melted by the following factors:
1. completely different political system (presidential system, system of the monarchy and the political party system)

2. ASEAN countries gap are too high among ASEAN members—the average, the poor and the rich (inequitable competition and there is no principle for mutual assistance)

3. The principle of non-interference (ASEAN Heads offended wantonly that other members could not open his mouth to speak up)

4. The principle of unanimous decision-making (the joint announcement at the ASEAN Summit could not be released)

5. Some ASEAN members do not comply with international human rights principles, nor conform with world standards

6. Other factors, for example, the great powers influence to other ASEAN members in the regional conflicts of interest issues and the whole world. Case Study Sample of the Soviet Union and the Arab League have been completely melted and partly due to different economic and political systems, the influence of other great powers on the members of a single community. Previously, nobody thought that the Berlin Wall was the most robust totally collapsed.

Read more about Relationship of ASEAN and European Union

Behavior Of Patron Relationship Blocks Social Development

There are many issues in the community which has been lingering without any resolution or being ignored. Those problems are mainly are stemming from the accomplice.

While the rich and powerful person wants to buy a plot of land they always process through the local authority to get legal documents so that to receive a commission. Because of getting remuneration or commission so the local authority tries the best even they violate the civilian rights or defy the law. That is why there are many overlapped land title may lead to litigation or complaints came from the document process. There are complaints related to the concession land that is also happening from the accomplice in this documentation process. The land social concession land is the pressing concern of the rural community people and civil society organization.

Generally, the culture of network accomplice enables the bad businesspeople a good chance easily. It is a chance for the higher-up uses it as a backup for private companies in return for receiving a commission or benefit. Those companies can operate illicit activity and while the issue takes place they are not able to resolve it. Yet, the accomplice effects to the government’s service delivery including goods quality control, inspection on sectors, building’s structure supervision.

Accomplice’s activity may lead to harrowing corruption and this corruption is not tackled easily. Corruption is the source of the national budget and donor’s fund embezzlement. Even some development project s were bid obviously but the corruption still be present in this development project’s fund of donors because of manipulation of the accomplice which they just set up bidding for cheating only; for example a corruption in the project of health so that it deteriorates health service delivery to the community access.

Constant illegal business-running of luxury wood could not be taken action in light of such accomplice’s habit. They have harmony among businesspeople, local authority, judicial police, forest cantonment and court to incorporate and turn a blind eye to any offense.

It seems to become simply the habit of accomplices related to the public networks include national and sub-national institutions. This habit of such accomplice is not only tarnishing the national fame but also the government’s policy, especially in the eyes of international donors and investors based in the country. There never have critical investors ensued from such a habit of the accomplice.

The elimination of the accomplice is tantamount to the removal of the barrier for national development. It is not a kind of easy task because of a deep mindset of an accomplice who receives benefits from his/her habit but if this habit still exists it could not help the progress of development for the developing nations. 

Read more about The Review of Accomplishment Meeting of NGOs and Government

A Wave of Protest Indicates Democracy

There has a series of demonstration and strike of the people on which displays the chronicle social issues in everywhere for instance Spring. It is the social crisis in which through this demonstration could be seen as some positive points in term of democracy that is growing in the society.

In other words, many issues which have been happening in the current society reflect the backdrop of democracy fostering. It refers to some worker free union rallies, influential independent media, civil society activities involved actively to enable community people have open mind than ever.

Therefore, both private sectors and government institution must keep up the situation to cope with problems with staff and workers under your supervision well. Otherwise, demonstration and strike will be happening. In this context, the institutions should change old behavior necessary; it means that they are using the influence to violate others, habit of ignorance for subordinate staff’s idea and exploitation of staff.

They can use this habit to influence only if the staff does not realize their rights exercising but while democracy is growing so the powerful human supervision is no more effective. So the institutional leaders should change their leadership from influential management into coordination so that to deal with problems as possible as. Flexibility manner in order to keep up with development is not quite difficult for leaders who are aware of social situation but not for those who are presidents of the departments being old-fashioned in social development.

Democratic nations, staff and laborers are not the slave of employer or presidents of the department but they are thriving parts of the institution or company they serve for. Further, they have rights which protected by inalienable law and they have an inviolable right to protection by a fair legal system. Demonstration and strike are the legal best ways for protecting their rights.

Department presidents and employers should be understandable about this issue at the first. By contradiction, the laborers and staff seem realize to exercise their rights primarily. Even, through demonstration or strike reflect the fledgling democracy but it still at stake because of violence risk. Then all relevant stakeholders and parties strive to promote democracy for the sake of society.

Read more about Democracy Status in South East Asia

The Road Anonymous Killer

Many people have been dying every year due to road crash accident. Beside death, road crash incident left casualties over 5000 people per year. Road incident in the community of Cambodia lost economic cost over 300 million dollars yearly. The big death of road incident is on the special day for example Chinese or Khmer New Year celebration, which is a huge saddened tragedy of Cambodian community to mourn and shed tear drop.

Actually, it is the Cambodia’s high figure of the dead. It is higher than death of mine incident or vicious HIV/AIDS but there is only few people had spotlighted on it and takes action to demolish this road incident. Remember that, every year thousands of community families suffer the separation from their beloved one because of a such road killer.

90 percent of road incident caused by human factor, in term of driver’s behavior which never obey the traffic law for instance driving without respect to traffic signs, road right of way, speed driving, and drink driving. Another factor to cause road incident is vehicle, it means that the vehicle is old and not properly technically checked. In addition, the driver does not fasten the safety belt or helmet. Those factors escalate a huge death and casualties.

During the civil war, the people had suffered from the battling among fellow citizens and many died. Khmer Rouge regime was recognized as the terrible tear-sea of bloodshed. Currently, Cambodia is peaceful but security not fully guaranteed yet. Cambodians still die because of political conflicts, land grab issues, and other social injustice like unfair court. Amid this death facing, the people are still brutally killed by the road crash incident.

Therefore, we must take part to vigorously work in order to prevent this worst road killing for our community. The idea is that we have to hold the campaign for road user’s behavior change then focused on stringent law enforcement, stop corruption in issuing a license and requires a firm fine for those who violate the traffic law.

And ethic education for respect the law and traffic signs and lights. Some users of road are not aware of those traffic signs or right of way, if so it would be so dangerous while there are pedestrians across the road.

We believe that whenever we understand well about the morality, traffic law and we comply with law so the road tragedy may reduce and people would not die by a road killer any more. Read about Please Stop Eating Dog Meat

Malnutrition Causes Children Dead

Globally, the malnutrition is the cause for children death in around 35 percent of ages under 5 every year. In Cambodia, malnutrition affects severely children under 5 year-age old. This is because of the lack of providing nutritious food enough then it caused infectious diseases. Malnutrition, hunger, and starvation are the factors among others which lead the children to die and get sick and it would continue to have the effect the adults for both physical and mental development, for example, they are poor in study and impact to availability of job opportunity for their lives.

An impact of the malnutrition has been seen across Cambodia. Probably 40 percent of the children are five or less than five years have a stunt body compared to their ages and the weight is not accurate. The women are easily stricken by such malnutrition as well from 15 to 49 of their age, they look so thin. This would be a risk during the birth delivery so the baby does not have accurate weight.

Even there is a campaign for encouragement of the women to breastfeeding of baby but not enough effective yet. It is critical for understanding how to add supplementary food or nutrients to children, especially between the age of 6 to 24 months. Most of the mothers stop their babies’ breastfeeding while the babies are reaching at 4 months and some wait until over 6 months. The extra-food issue is lacking of protein, fat, vitamin and minerals.

Mothers and caretakers have main duty to ensure that the children receive an appropriate supplementary food or nutrients and wholesome foods. To achieve this, it requires to form an effective national relation strategy so that to promote the awareness of supplementary food or nutrients in Cambodia.

It is important for the women to be aware of nutrition status for babies based on mother’s nutrition both during delivery and post-delivery because your nutrition will effect to baby’s nutrition. As the women doubted that if they get pregnant they should go meet the nurse as soon as possible. And if they are diagnosed pregnant, they should eat food as much as they can, properly take medicines including iron medicines and follow up their weight regularly.

Lacking of iron and zinc is an issue among other concerns of the public health of Cambodia. For some women, they may react to the side effect’s medicines like vomit and getting black stool. Even though, the side effect can be reduced through taking medicine at night. While pregnancy, women may need 400 Calories extra every day. There is no clear rule on weight increase in the first three months because of different individuals. But after six months, the rule is that every single woman must increase weight one Kilogram per month.

After delivery, mothers have to breastfeed immediately and continue to take medicines properly. It is for a rare case that few mothers do not believe that they can breastfeed or have enough colostrum. In a proper way, all nursing mothers have enough colostrum.

The baby needs colostrum until the age of 6 months for nutrition. It is good to provide such nutrition for young children because it reduces diseases and colostrum consists of nutritious substances which power milk does not.

After reaching the age of 6 months, the supplementary food or nutrients are needed. However, the nursing mothers still continue to breastfeed babies till they are 2. Keep in mind that only rice does not contain enough nutrition but other food like egg, fish, meat, oil, vegetable, and fruit must be provided to ensure the calories and mineral of a child.

Even though, poverty condition is leaving behind the family is the form of lacking of nutrition and risk for children.

Read more about Health Care Management Should Be Improved

Leaders Need To Have Visions

In the South East Asia region, Cambodia is a nation among other countries in the process of restoration for developing the country. That is why it is very important to have long-term envisage of the leaders to ensure the sustainable development. So far, in light of lacking visions of the decision makers enable development projects affect negatively. Vision is also a challenge for the failure of national ruling and political parties.

Flash-flood always inundates the towns, wrong technical construction building which not beautify the towns for example riverbank erosion due to sand exploitation and other negative impacts originated from the lacking of long-term vision of the leaders.
Land conflict happened because of economical concession delivery and licensing to the natural resources exploitation companies for example woods business without deep reckoning related to development.

Did they study about how to rescue water from the town while they refill land on lakes? Did they realize that the negative impact on environment people’s livelihood nearby the riverbank while they pump sand from river or sea? Did they learn about the impact on environment and people’s well-being from their exploitation?

There has also a serious impact of the concessional land of the government which granted to the companies. The impacts including community livelihood and woods were destroyed drastically which detriment to the environment and climate change. Many buildings in the main town took place and that never comply with construction infrastructure law.

To ensure the sustainable development we must have a long term and specific plan. Long vision is the road map toward success for all development sectors in which leaders take along with it so that to take accountable for orientation and making a decision.
Long vision is really needed for the political parties for ruling the nation and small businesses too.

Read about Leadership in Community Plan